Integrating passenger and freight transportation

Integrating passenger and freight ows creates attractive business opportunities because the same transportation needs can be met with fewer vehicles and emissions. This paper seeks an integrated solution for the transportation of passenger and freight simultaneously, so that fewer vehicles are required. The newly introduced problem concerns scheduling a set of vehicles to serve the requests such that a part of the journey can be carried out on a scheduled passenger transportation service. We propose an arc-based mixed integer programming formulation for the integrated transportation system. Computational results on a set of instances provide a clear understanding on the bene_ts of integrating passenger and freight transportation in the current networks, considering multi-modality of traditional passenger-oriented transportation modes, such as taxi, bus, train or tram. Keywords: Combining passengers and freight, routing & scheduling, multi-modal transportation, pickup and delivery problems.